SPM ESSAY WRITING - Begin with " Have a good holiday ...............

COPY ONTO YOUR BOOK.... TRY TO UNDERSTAND

THEN ADJUST IT WITH THE TOPIC YOU CHOOSE IN THE EXAM PAPER LATER...

BEST OF LUCK ....

SPM ESSAY WRITING 2018 - Begin with " It started as a beautiful morning .......

Write the essay in you book, while you are writing, you brain is reading, so you will understand the whole story.

Then, if it is easy for you to memorize, YOU CAN DO THAT, AND ADJUST OR CHANGE IT TO SUIT THE TOPIC IN YOUR EXAM PAPER LATER.

BEST OF LUCK....

LITERATURE REVIEW NOTES FOR MY OWN PERSONAL STUDY 1

A remark;  NOTES FROM PAST LITERATURE STUDIES. YOU CAN COPY MINE. MUST CHANGE TO YOUR OWN SENTENCES WHEN YOU WANT TO FIT THEM INTO YOUR PAPER WRITING.

1. Over the past decades, numerous studies have been conducted with the genre framework. The most influential study is probably the latest conducted by Christie and Derewianka (2008) and Christie (2012). Both studies sampled students’ texts from primary to late secondary school across different subjects in Australia to investigate how their writing developed and what genres they needed to write across the school years before university. They identified typical genres in the students’ writing in different subject areas and summarized the linguistic features.

2. The study (Winfred Wenhui Xuan, 2017) did writing tasks to be studied for his longitudinal study paper. So, I may follow or adapt his method of collecting data like below;

Table 1

Writing tasks that students accomplished

Time	Topic	Details
11th Sep 2011	Learn to smile	Advise others to smile
11th Oct 2011	A letter to Mike	Write a letter to a friend, who is sick recently.
11th Nov 2011	Trip to Hangzhou	Sharing your travelling experiences to Hangzhou with your friends.
11th Dec 2011	Steve Jobs	Describe Steve Jobs and his life.
12th Jan 2012	Lifelong learning	Discuss lifelong learning and how to practice it.
12th Feb 2012	An activity	Share an interesting activity.
12th Mar 2012	A letter to Alice	Write a letter to Alice and explain how to improve her relationship with her Mum.
8th Apr 2012	How to be a good learner?	State your views on how to be a good learner.
9th May 2012	Micro blog	Explore the advantages and disadvantages of micro blog. State your views on it.
10th Jun 2012	Charity sale	Share the charity sale took place in your school.

Winfred Wenhui Xuan (2017). An exploratory study of ESL writing by junior secondary students in China: text type, register and textual features. Functional Linguistics, 2017-4:3 https://doi.org/10. 1186/s40554-016-0038-9.

Christie, F., and B. Derewianka. 2008. School discourse: learning to write across the years of schooling. London: Continuum

Christie, F. 2012. Language education throughout the school years: a functional perspective. Language learning monograph series. USA: Wiley-Blackwell.

________________________________________________________________________

2. Research done on this issue has clearly indicated that anxiety is a factor that needs to be considered in second language acquisition (Na, 2007; Wei, 2007). One of them is about the vocabulary.

3. The anxiety occurs when learning a new language (Lightbown & Spada, 2006) especially during foreign language learning (Tanveer, 2007; Loewen et al., 2009).

- Tanveer, M. 2007. Investigating of factors that cause language anxiety for ESL/EFL learners in learning speaking skills and the influence it casts on communication in the target language. University of Glasgow. 2

- Lightbown, P. M. and Spada, N. (2006). How languages are learned. 3rd Edn: Oxford University Press

- Loewen, S., Lee, S., Fei, F., Thopson, A., Nakatsukasa, K., Ahn, S. and Chen, X. 2009. Second language learners’ beliefs about grammar instruction and error correction. The Modern Language Journal, 93: 91-104.

- Na, Z. 2007. A study of high school students’ english learning anxiety. Asian EFL Journal, 9(3): 22-34

- Wei, M. 2007. The interrelatedness of affective factors in EFL Learning: An examination of motivational patterns in relation to anxiety in China. TESL-EJ, 11(1): 1-23

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Ana R. Lemos et al., (2014) using method of Interviews with teachers as one of their mixed method data collection. A purposeful sampling method 33,34 was used to identify teaching staff for interviews to ensure that there was a variety of teaching experience and that major disciplinary areas on the course were represented. 19% (7 teachers) from the population in schools were gathered for the interview session.

- Ana R. Lemos, John E. Sandars, Palmira Alves, and Manuel J. Costa (2014). The evaluation of student-centredness of teaching and learning: a new mixed-methods approach. Int J Med Educv.5; 2014PMC4212413.

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1. In Kenya English is taught as a second language, it has been given a high status than native languages by the Government due to its status as a national and international language (Chesang, 2005).

WILL BE CONTINUED.........

QUALITY OF BEST FRIENDS - FOR MY STUDENTS SPM 2018

CONTINUOUS WRITING; QUALITY OF BEST FRIENDS 

"Friend in need is a friend indeed". This proverb really portrays the precise meaning of a best friend. It also implies that not all our friends is a real truly best friend. We may wonder about the accurate meaning of best friends even we have all friends around. One may say that friends who always go to the school canteen with him is his best friends. Another may say that friends who always come to his house and study with him is his best friends. Thus, we may recognize best friends from their quality along their closeness as a companion beside us such as loyal, caring and helpful.

     First, loyal can be categorized as one quality of best friends which undoubtedly important to be considered in selecting the one who can be entitled as a best friend. Loyal is defined as stick to someone regardless any situation or matter whether as a family member, husband and wife, or as a best friend. A loyal best friend will not say something bad of us behind our backs or back-stab us. He will keep our secret in his heart and lock it tightly. For example, if we did something wrong in the school and the rumours becomes as a wildfire, he will remain calm and always back up us.

     Second, the quality of best friends also can be pointed to the word 'caring'. Caring means a sense of concern and care about us, in every single thing occurs in our daily life. Sometimes, he cares about us more than himself. A caring best friend will sit in a chair beside our bed the whole night when we are sick. In another occasion, he voluntarily cooks a special meal for us when we do not have any appetite due to our sickness. He also can walk together with us to reach our home from school merely to make sure of our safety. 

     Third, the quality of best friends also can be notified from their helpful manner. Helpful can be defined as a habit of helping others almost all the times without hoping for any reward or wage. Someone who likes to help and assist others is likely suitable to be listed as our best friends. How to know that he is really a helpful person. The answer can be solved by observing all friends around. For instance, a best friend is always willing to teach us if we do not understand about the subject with his full commitment and energy. He also voluntarily treats us lunch at the school canteen and shares his meal when we forgot to bring our pocket money. All these examples may suit the quote that says “It is better to be helpful than harmful.”

     In fact, there are many other qualities can be matched with 'best friends' or a 'best friend' such as honest, kind, friendly, brave, fun and hilarious and others. And, having best friends with all these decent and remarkable qualities is as a luck in our life. Hence, we have to be a grateful person too towards our best friends. We must not forget that best friends also are human like us. We also must love them as our best friends and treat them as the same as they did to us. This is because everything in this world happens based on a principle of 'give and take'. 

     In sum, best friends may be differed from the usual friends we meet everyday by their several qualities as a best friend. Indeed, this friendship is very meaningful and priceless. They make our life worthwhile. It is really like a diamond in the sky or a pearl in the midst of white sand along the beach.  Hopefully, each of us has found one with a long lasting friendship.

p/s: Any typo? Correct it in you own paper 

From me with love and blessing

Teacher; March, 2018

     

TEACHER'S HANDWRITING TEACHING YOU VOCABULARY

TEACHER ALWAYS FIND THE WORD - COLLECT THEM IN HERE, SPECIAL BOOK

FOR HER STUDENTS

HOW TO LEARN ENGLISH FROM YOUR VOCABULARY COLLECTION?

THE WAY IS;

1. PICK THE BEST AND BEAUTIFUL WORD

2. MEMORIZES THE WORD

3. MAKE ONE COMPLETE SENTENCE USING THE WORD

4. ASK THE TEACHER TO CORRECT - BETTER YOU PERSONAL TEACHER 

5. IF WRONG - RE-DO AGAIN

6. IF YOUR SENTENCE IS GOOD - CHOOSE AND MEMORIZE ANOTHER WORD

TRY IT ................... FROM THE BEGINNING

DONT STUDY AT YOUR LAST MINUTES ------- YOU WILL REGRET SOME DAY

PRIVATE TUITION FOR ENGLISH 1119/SPM 2018 IN KOTA BHARU

ENGLISH 1119 TEACHER AND TUTOR  FOR MORE THAN 15 YEARS EXPERIENCES

ARE NOW AVAILABLE IN YOUR CITY ... AROUND KOTA BHARU, KELANTAN 

WHATSAPP HER NOW TO PLAN YOUR SMART STUDY

012-9199728

AT YOUR HOME @ AT TEACHER'S HOME EVEN AT YOUR SCHOOL - YOU DECIDE AND GET HER NOW FOR YOUR OWN GOOD IN ENGLISH

GHOSTWRITER -TYPING SERVICES TO EASE BUSY STUDENTS

Many people complaint about the fee for TYPING SERVICES by ghostwriters which are very expensive.

As it has been stated repeatedly - it about THE BRAIN WORK not like simple task by hand such as COOKING OR WASHING CLOTHES.

And, the price for all goods and things rising and rising ..even to enter the toilet to pee not 0.20 cent anymore, but 0.50 cent and to take a shower you must pay rm1 !!!!!


So, not to WASTE YOUR MONEY FOR EXPENSIVE WORK OF GHOSTWRITERS YOU MUST DO IT BY YOURSELF, OTHERWISE YOU HAVE TO ....

ANYWAY... GOOD LUCK TO ALL OF YOU WHEREVER YOU ARE, BE TOLERATE AS WELL AS HELP OTHERS SO ABUNDANT OF KINDNESS WILL GO TO YOUR LIFE 

English 1119 TUITION CLASSES For SPM Students in Kota bharu

Don't say DIFFICULT in learning English subject. Get your tutor and enjoy learning everything about English for your examination..

Don't wait for the last minute efforts to get the excellent result. The winner always with the greatest effort

If you dont want to study with friends... you can study alone with me only - at my house or at your home

Reach me; 011-11004781/WhatsApp

Get a smart study and revision with me to score your English paper in SPM Examination

And ask anything bout your study .. especially ENGLISH

CRIME STORY NOVEL BY YASMINE .. BOOKED NOW TO KNOW THE STORY

A dress is designed by Yasmine herself as imagining the dress Maya wears everyday in the novel

The story is about Maya, the girl who live in a small house without room in a remote village. Then, her life surrounding since she was a small kid influence the rest of her future. Believe me, she was a very courage and determine girl when she went through all the troubles to achieve her goal ....

With a very simple English, so Malaysian especially youth and teenagers can read and understand, not only the story but the lessons behind it.


HOPE YOU WILL ENJOY READING MY COMING NOVEL ..... A HIDDEN CRIES
Email me to book for your own collection

English language in real life

English is a very important international language. It becomes a language of communication around the world. As an example, if you go to Japan or South Korea where not all population can speak your language or vice versa for sure! Then, they may communicate with you by using English language. English is a language that is simple to speak and nice to hear. Do not say you don't know English. Even my mom in the village also knows one or two words after looking after her granddaughters whose spoken language is English. The problem is, you just shy and lack of confident! So, swipe them away! Don't bother whether your language is broken or not, just speak what is in your mind. Soon or later, you will be an expert one. Believe me and trust your talent.

The girls are around 19 years old from one high school in Seoul. They call me ' sungsenyim' / 'teacher' . They are very friendly and talkative. They said they just know little about English because most of the subjects in Korean language.

I promise to them I will put their picture in my blog..here. Hope they still remember me and my blog address.

May all of you always be successful dear!!
From,
Sungsenyim'

Seoul/2016
Deongbokgung Palace

Sleep

Sleep is important to make sure the energetic body and mind is attained. Sleep must be enough for at least 6 hours for adults and 8 hours for teens and children. Otherwise they will be a bit weak, not active and productive, tired, headache and others. Sleep is like food. Imagine yourself without food. Then, imagine yourself without sleep. Both can bring you to collapse or even death. However, there are certain times you may not sleep. For example, during working hours. You can be fired or being laugh by office mates. Or, you should not sleep on a train or subway because you will miss every single thing around you such as beautiful girls beside your seat. ;-)

P/s; son always sleep...even beside beautiful Korean girls!
Seoul/2016/Summer

I talk with your language about the typing services

Berkenaan perkara individu yang mengupah Orang lain untuk  menyiapkan tesisnya..... Aku rasa mereka harus fikir dahulu beberapa perkara;
1. Jika kau Sayang duit jangan sesekali menyuruh atau meminta Upah Orang lain menyiapkannya. Baik duit tu kau simpan Dan siapkn sendiri Tesis itu
Ini kerana saat kau meminta tolong org lain itu.... Kau menanggung risiko - duit kau akan habis Dan jika paper ditolak oleh lecturer kau menjadi dua Kali rugi iaitu duit lenyap Dan subjek gagal
2. Namun, apabila kau dh faham risiko itu
Boleh lah kau mengupah mereka.... Dengan bertawakkal kepada Allah.
3. Kemungkinan kau lulus ada.
4. Kemungkinan kau gagal juga ada.
5. Jika gagal...jangan lah menyalahkan penulis yg kau mintak tolong sbb kau tadinya dh tahu risiko yg bakal dihadapi
-Ambil pengajaran ; "sepatutnya aku Buat sendiri...jadi aku faham isi kandungan Tesis. Aku juga belajar drpd lecturer manakala penulis mungkin belajar dgn format lain atau penulis tidak belajar akan kos atau bidang yg aku ambil"
6. Jadi positif.... Aku mesti Buat sendiri Tesis aku... Baru lah aku boleh viva dgn baik Dan faham akan contents nya

Daripada pemerhatian aku; Orang yg meminta org lain menolong siapkn tesisnya bukan org sembarangan... Mereka adalah pegawai, Polis doktor askar guru Dan lain-lain. Iaitu drpd kalangan mereka yg educated Dan berpendidikan tinggi. Cuma...... Mereka tidak mempunyai masa untuk menulis kerana sibuk dgn kerja. Jadi mereka memperuntukkan Wang bg penulis yg menolong mereka. Dan jika gagal pun mereka lebih rasional Dan tidak seperti budak kecik hingga lupa adab Dan etika keprofesionalan mereka.

Contohnya; ada insan itu. Masa mnta tolong bukan main hormat lg dia..bercakap lembut. Bila dh siap Dan gagal takdirnya....dia cakap buruk pula...hilang panggilan hormat...paksa minta duit kembali....cakap yg bukan-bukan hingga tak nampak lg educated mereka itu.

Selain itu..ada juga yg tidak bayar. Bila kerja2 sudah disiapkan Dan minta baki bayaran mereka senyap terus. Sampai penulis jd malu seolah pengemis pula..... Padahal berurusan dgn org2 educated.

Terdapat satu kejadian: seorang pegawai ini tidak ada masa Dan tidak tahu bagaimana hendak membuat assignment nya. Maka dia meminta tolong. Dan apabila dijelaskan yg menulis tidak pakar dlm bidang kajiannya...dia merayu begging sedikit mendesak supaya menolong dia. Katanya janji ada Dan janji siap. Kerana kesian akan rayuan dia, penulis bersetuju Dan terlebih dahulu menjelaskan;
1. sy x pandai dlm bab itu tapi krn awak merayu sy tolong jugak
2. Sy akan Buat sedaya sy mampu maka sepenuhnya awk kena adjust Dan tambah2 sendiri contentnya nnti sbb awk lebih faham kos pengajian awk
3. Jgn salahkan sy jika fail sbb sy dh kata sy x pandai
4. Upahnya agak tinggi krn susah Dan sukar

Berkenaan plagiat...tidak ada org yg Buat sendiri semua...mereka copy paste drpd internet Dan menangis internet itu Sumber ilmu. Cuma....perlu lah dinyatakan siapa yg cakap perkara itu letak citation Dan tulis dia dlm list rujukan kelak. Jika boleh ubah ayat maka diubah Dan tinggalkn makna ayat. Tapi jika dlm bidang yg x difahami maka penulis akan jd bingung utk mengubah ayat yg dia copy paste sbb dia x faham akan kehendak kajian..

Pengajaran; cari writer yg betul2 faham akan kajian awak. Dia mahir dlm bidang itu jga. Dan....apabila penulis kata dia x boleh Buat JANGAN DIDESAK OR DIRAYU untuk menolong kamu.. Nanti dia jd kesian Dan menolong walaupun dia x mahir. Bila gagal awk hina dia marah dia pulak. CARI SAJA WRITER LAIN.......dalam mudah.com pun banyak writer...

Patutkah awk meminta org menolong merayu kpdnya...Dan dia telah membuatnya sedaya bole sampai migraine ....bila gagal awk minta balik duit. Kalu buat free agak2 awk bising kah jika gagal?? Kenapa awak x buat sendiri?? Kenapa awk masih suruh orang sedangkan awak takut duit hilang begitu saja dan awk dh tahu dia x begitu arif bidang pengajian awak?? Patutkah?? Fikir dengan hati Dan akal..

Pada awalnya lg awk dh tahu risiko mengupah org lain....kalau Sayang duit Dan x sanggup ambil risiko ...tolong jangan suruh atau minta tolong org lain - Buat sendiri.

Sezarah pun APA kita Buat..... Allah tak pernah lepa Dan lalai!!!

ENGLISH 1119 SPM 2017. A Factual Essay/Opinion

Young people always complain that they do not have enough time. What is your Opinion?

Your key words; - young people
                           - time
                           - don't have enough time
                           - I / We
________________________________

Introduction

Time is gold is the best proverb to define the important of time in our life as a human. It really suggests that time is more valuable than money. It cannot return back to us and we cannot catch and ask time to stop and wait. For those who really appreciate the meaning of time, they will obtain the highest profit at the end. While for those who ignore or take it for granted will lose it with regret. What about a group of young people who always complain that they do not have enough time. Is it possible? 

Paragragh One/ Body

Is it possible if the young people say that they do not have enough time because of their tight timetables. 

- School Hours - early in the morning - short break - extra classes 

-Return home - tired - sleep - rest 

-Homework - not finish

Paragraph Two/ Body

Is it possible if the young people say that they do not have enough time because of their plentiful of homework.

-The issue of a basket of homework becomes an issue among parents .... it is a pro and cont debates

-Homework - necessary - compulsory - to practice - train students to be expert in certain topic

-Subjects like Bahasa Melayu - English Language - Mathematics - Accounting - tough -long hours

Paragraph Three/ Body

Is it possible if the young people say that they do not have enough time when they still can spend free time with friends.

-Friends is a part of young people life- cannot stay alone

                                                            - if alone - isolated in the bedroom - online game

-Most of young people spend more time with friends rather than their family - fun time

-Boys - futsal - loafing at the shopping complex - other activities

-Girls - shopping - eating - strolling in town - other activities

-Not finish homework - not ready for the exam

Paragraph Four/ Body

Is it possible if the young people say that they do not have enough time when they still actively hang out in the Internet

-Mobile phone always in their hand - during eating - sleeping - watching TV etc

-A long list of applications - Twitter, Facebook, We Chat, Whatsapp, Telegraf etc

-Example; Whatsapp

                 - with thousands of friends and mates

                 - with thousands groups / geng - Alumni group, Cat' group, Ex- Group, Joker's Group etc

-So busy with all the applications - to reply a chat, to read a gossip in Twitter, to listen to musics, to upload pictures and wait for the comments etc

-Same reason - Not finish homework - not ready for the exam

Conclusion

In sum, 1) ................. repeat almost similar as your topic ............................. 2) Give your suggestion/ comment/ recommendation ................................. 3) A short but firm message from your own .....

HAPPY WRITING!!

p/s; Practice writing the essay completely. Then, you can submit to me, so I can read and help to marking your essay.

Email; imaninuryase@gmail.com

HOW TO WRITE AND DEVELOP CHAPTER ONE IN MASTER THESIS (IIUM FORMAT)

Initially, the format is different according to your HLI.

Basically chapter one is a front layer to attract the readers or the supervisor to focus on your writing and to give an overview about the whole thesis you going to write.

May the framework below can help you to write the chapter one;

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.0   Introduction
Introduce your main idea in the topic......
For example; your topic is about Factors of the weaknesses of Students in English Lang.
So, introducing what is language?
                          what is the importance of Lang in general
                          what is the importance of the lang in specific - for students



1.1   Background of The Study
You can elaborate more what you have written in 1.0
You may elaborate about the benefits of knowing and mastering English Lang in all aspects of its components

You may write about the real phenomenon of English Lang as ESL in schools in Malaysia

You may give more specific about how the acquisition of English in the classroom

Then, you state about the problems arise regarding the topic...



1.2   Problem Statement
Restate in a compress, detail and short about the issues arise regarding the topic

Then, clearly state that the problem gives an impression for you to write or to study further .......




1.3   Objectives of The Study
1.3.1 To know/ to identify ..................................
1.3.2  To examine/to explore .....................................
1.3.3  To investigate ....................................................................




1.4   Questions of The Study
Copy paste 1.3 - adjust the sentences into a question form of sentences with a question mark at the end (?)
1.4.1 What ......................................................?
1.4.2  How ......................................................?
1.4.3  Is there any ...........................................?




1.5   The Significance of The Study
This study is important for ..............
1. the educators/ teachers
2. Students/ trainers
3. Administration office / principal office
4. Policy makers
5 Fresh researchers
6. Others



1.6   Delimitation and Limitations of The Study
There are limits or obstacles to finish your study........
1. In term of the topic - not wide
2. Respondents
3. Location of Study
4. Methods use
5. Items
6. Others



1.7   Definition Operational



1.8   Summary

....................................... HAVE A GOOD START!! .....................................

Main reference recommended for Thesis about LEADERSHIP

Roger J. Givens (2008). Transformational Leadership: The Impact on Organizational and Personal Outcomes. Regent University. Emerging Leadership Journeys, Vol. 1 Iss. 1, 2008, pp. 4-24© 2008 School of Global Leadership & Entrepreneurship, Regent University.

Link; https://www.regent.edu/acad/global/publications/elj/issue1/ELJ_V1Is1_Givens.pdf.

There are many recent references at the last pages of his thesis which is suit to your thesis hopefully ...................

Thank you very much to Sir Roger J Givens (Givens, 2008) for his contribution to your thesis....

SOME REFERENCES WHICH MAY NEEDED FOR YOUR THESIS IN HIS PAGE ARE;

Aarons, G. A. (2006). Transformational and transactional leadership: Association with attitudes toward evidence-based practice. Psychiatric Services, 57(8), 1162-1169. 

Ackfeldt, A. L., & Leonard, V. C. (2005). A study of organizational citizenship behaviors in a retail setting. Journal of Business Research, 58, 151-159.

Boerner, S., Eisenbeiss, S. A., & Griesser, D. (2007). Follower behavior and organizational performance: The impact of transformational leaders. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 13(3), 15-26. 

Bolino, M. C., Turnley, W. H., & Bloodgood, J. M. (2002). Citizenship behavior and the creation of social capital in organizations. Academy of Management Review, 27, 505-523. 

Bono, J., & Judge, T. (2003). Self-concordance at work: Toward understanding the motivational effects of transformational leadership. Academy of Management Journal, 46, 554-571

Dionne, S. D., Yammarino, F. J., Atwater, L. E., & Spangler, W. D. (2004). Transformational leadership and team performance. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 17(2), 177-193. 

Dumdum, U. R., Lowe, K. B., & Avolio, B. J. (2002). A meta-analysis of transformational and transactional leadership correlates of effectiveness and satisfaction: An update and extension. In B. J. Avolio & F. J. Yammarino (Eds.). Transformational and charismatic leadership: The road ahead (pp. 36-66). Oxford: Elsevier Science. 

Dvir, T., Eden, D., Avolio, B. J., & Shamir, B. (2002). Impact of transformational leadership on follower development and performance: A field experiment. Academy of Management Journal, 45(4), 735-744. 

Freeman, D. M., Rush, M. C., & Lance, C. E. (1999). Motivational bases of affective commitment: A partial test of an integrative theoretical model. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 72, 463-483. 

Eden, D. (1992). Leadership and expectations: Pygmalion effects and other self-fulfilling prophecies in organizations. Leadership Quarterly, 3, 271-335. 

Emery, C. R., & Barker, K. J. (2007). The effect of transactional and transformational leadership styles on the organizational commitment and job satisfaction of customer contact personnel. Journal of Organizational Culture, Communication and Conflict, 11(1), 77.

Jones, T. M., Felps, W., & Bigley, G. A. (2007). Ethical theory and stakeholder-related decisions: The role of stakeholder culture. Academy of Management Review, 32(1), 137- 155. 

Jorg, F., & Schyns, B. (2004). Is similarity in leadership related to organizational outcomes? The case of transformational leadership. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 10(4), 92-102. 

Kark, R., Shamir, B., & Chen, G. (2003). The two faces of transformational leadership: Empowerment and dependency. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(2), 246-255.

Lam, Y. L., Wei, H. C. P., Pan, H. L. W., & Chan, C. M. (2002). In search of basic sources that propel organizational learning under recent Taiwanese school reforms. The International Journal of Educational Management, 16(5), 216-28. 

Luthans, F. (2002a). The need for and meaning of positive organizational behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23, 695-706. 

Luthans, F. (2002b). Positive organizational behavior: Developing and managing psychological strengths. Academy of Management Executive, 16(1), 57-72. 

Nguni, S., Sleegers, P., & Denessen, E. (2006). Transformational and transactional leadership effects on teachers’ job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and organizational citizenship behavior in primary schools: The Tanzanian case. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 17(2), 145-177. 

Pillai, R., Schriesheim, C. A., & Williams, E. S. (1999). Fairness perceptions and trust as mediators for transformational and transactional leadership: A two-sample study. Journal of Management, 25, 897-933. 

Cambridge, MA: Society of Organizational Learning Retrieved February 12, 2008 from http://www.solonline.org/res/wp/three.html 

Schlechter, A. F., & Engelbrecht, A. S. (2006). The relationship between transformational leadership, meaning and organizational citizenship behavior. Management Dynamics, 15(4), 2-16. 

Shamir, B. 1991. The charismatic relationship: Alternative explanations and predictions. Leadership Quarterly, 2, 81-104. 

Waldman, D. A., & Spangler, W. D. (1989). Putting together the pieces: A closer look at the determinants of job performance. Human Performance, 2(1), 29-59. 

Walumbwa, F. O., & Lawler, J. J. (2003). Building effective organizations: transformational leadership, collectivist orientation, work related attitudes, and withdrawal behaviors in three emerging economies. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 14, 1083-1101.


Zaccaro, S. J., & Banks, D. J. (2001). Leadership, vision, and organizational effectiveness. In S. J. Zaccaro & R. J. Klimoski (Eds.), The nature of organizational leadership (pp. 181- 218). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. 

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